Why Am I So Tired? How Your Mitochondria Affect Energy in Midlife

You sleep a reasonable amount. You eat pretty well. You move your body most days. And somewhere around mid-afternoon, your energy disappears anyway, like someone flipped a switch.

Chris Burres, a research engineer who has spent over three decades studying a molecule tied to some of the longest longevity results ever recorded in animal research, says there's a piece of this most of us never check: the tiny power plants inside every cell in your body, your mitochondria.

 

This is for you if you've been thinking:

  • I sleep okay, eat pretty well, and exercise, and I still hit a wall every single afternoon and don't understand why.

  • I've had my hormones, thyroid, iron, and blood sugar checked and everything came back "normal," but I still don't feel like myself.

  • I keep hearing the word "oxidative stress" in wellness content and I don't actually know what it means.

  • I want to understand what mitochondria are and what they have to do with how tired I feel.

  • I'm skeptical of most supplement claims and I want the real, unvarnished version of what this is and isn't.

 

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What Your Mitochondria Actually Do (and Why They're Tied to Your Energy)

Mitochondria are the part of your cells responsible for taking the food you eat, breaking it down, and converting it into ATP, the actual energy currency your cells run on. There are anywhere from 50 to 5,000 mitochondria in a typical cell, depending on how much energy that cell needs. Your red blood cells have none. Your neurons, which burn through an enormous amount of energy relative to almost every other cell type in your body, have roughly two million each.

Mitochondria also carry their own separate DNA, passed down only from your mother, and they're involved in producing pregnenolone, the precursor hormone behind estrogen and testosterone. So when Chris says mitochondria are connected to more than just how tired you feel, he means it literally: this is the same system that's tangled up with your hormone production.

Mitochondrial function tends to decline with age. Part of that is simple wear. Part of it involves something called senescent, or "zombie," cells: cells that have reached the end of their useful life but don't get cleared out the way they're supposed to through a process called autophagy. Instead they sit there consuming resources without producing value, and they can release inflammatory signals that recruit nearby cells to do the same. Mitochondria can undergo a similar process, and Chris describes a feedback loop where hormone shifts and mitochondrial function affect each other in both directions, which is part of why this piece often gets missed in a standard workup that only looks at hormones in isolation.


What Oxidative Stress Actually Means (and Why It Isn't Automatically Bad)

"Oxidative stress" gets used constantly in wellness content, usually without much explanation. Here's the plain version, from Chris. As mitochondria use oxygen to make ATP, a small amount of that oxygen converts into highly reactive molecules called reactive oxygen species, often shortened to ROS or loosely called free radicals. Chris compares this to exhaust from a power plant: making energy inevitably produces some byproduct.

Under normal conditions, your body handles this byproduct with its own internal antioxidants, primarily glutathione and melatonin, working right inside the mitochondria. Oxidative stress only becomes a problem when ROS production outpaces what those defenses can manage, whether because of smoking, drinking, chronic stress, EMF exposure, menopause, or simply the ordinary wear of getting older. When that happens, the reactive molecules are left to bump around and cause damage to proteins, cell membranes, DNA, and the mitochondria themselves, which can lead to a cycle: stressed mitochondria produce more ROS, more ROS further stresses the mitochondria, and so on.

The upshot: oxidative stress isn't inherently bad. It's a normal part of making energy. It's the buildup, when your body's own defenses can't keep pace, that causes the downstream problems most people associate with the term.


The Molecule Behind the Conversation: What Is ESS60?

ESS60 (short for Elemental Safe Spheres, 60 atoms) is Chris's company's name for a molecule more commonly known as C60, or buckminsterfullerene: a spherical cage of 60 carbon atoms shaped roughly like a soccer ball. It was discovered in 1985 at Rice University, and the three scientists who discovered it won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996. 

His lab began manufacturing and distributing the molecule in 1991, five years before that prize was awarded, and it has been sold for use in industrial applications like inks, batteries, tires, and photocells ever since, well outside the health and wellness space.

The reason it eventually crossed over into supplements traces back to a toxicity study. Part of the molecule's structure resembles benzene, a compound known to be toxic, so researchers ran a toxicity study on it using WISTAR rats. Instead of showing toxicity, the treated rats reportedly lived roughly 90 percent longer than the control group, a result Chris describes as the longest longevity result ever published on mammals. His lab supplied the material for that study and is credited in it.

That result is also where the caution has to come in, and it's worth being direct about it here rather than glossing over it.

What the Evidence Actually Shows, and Where It's Still Early

The original rat study is real, peer-reviewed, and published, but it was a single, small, exploratory animal study, not a large trial, and not conducted in humans. A later mouse study attempting to replicate the lifespan finding did not reproduce the same result. A more recent, more rigorous rat study has added useful safety data, but none of this amounts to evidence that ESS60 improves energy or sleep in people.

What Chris's company does have on the mechanism side is peer-reviewed research showing that ESS60 concentrates inside mitochondria and can bind to a limited number of reactive oxygen species there, based on findings dating back to the 1990s. Chris refers to this as the "BOSS theory," short for buffering oxidative stress system: the idea being that the molecule may help absorb some of the reactive byproduct mitochondria produce, similar to the role your own glutathione and melatonin already play. That's a plausible mechanism grounded in published research, but a plausible mechanism is not the same as proof that it changes how tired or well-rested you feel.

What the company does have a lot of, by Chris's own account, is customer testimonials. He describes the most common pattern as better focus and energy during the day, followed by improved sleep, most often noticed within the first month of daily use. The company has also run two small, informal sleep studies in which everyone who took part reported some improvement, and it's currently starting several more structured real-world trials, on frequent headaches, on a cardiovascular inflammation marker called hs-CRP, and on skin appearance with a related product. Those trials are new and not yet published.

What You Can Actually Do About This Today

Chris's honest starting point, and it's one worth taking seriously: if you're focused on longevity or energy in general, the highest-leverage moves are still sleep, nutrition, and movement, in that order of impact according to the longevity experts he's interviewed, with mindset underneath all three, because none of the other changes stick without it.

For anyone specifically curious about ESS60, Chris's suggestion is to treat it as a genuine self-experiment rather than deciding in advance how you'll feel. Track something concrete, afternoon energy, sleep quality, or workout recovery, before you start, then track the same thing daily for a few weeks. He points to about a ten day window as roughly how long it takes to notice the product's effects wearing off if you stop taking it, based on customer reports, which gives you a rough timeframe for how long a fair trial should run.

FAQs

What are mitochondria and why do they affect my energy?

Mitochondria are the structures inside your cells responsible for converting the food you eat into ATP, the molecule your cells actually run on for energy. Nearly every cell in your body contains mitochondria, with the number varying by how much energy that cell needs; your red blood cells have none, while your neurons can contain roughly two million each. Because mitochondria are also involved in producing pregnenolone, the precursor hormone behind estrogen and testosterone, their function is connected to more than just how energetic you feel day to day. Mitochondrial efficiency tends to decline with age, which is one reason fatigue can increase even when sleep, diet, and exercise haven't meaningfully changed.

What is oxidative stress, and is it always bad?

Oxidative stress happens when reactive oxygen species, a natural byproduct of mitochondria making energy, are produced faster than your body's internal antioxidants, primarily glutathione and melatonin, can neutralize them. Producing some reactive oxygen species is a normal part of energy production and isn't itself harmful. It becomes a problem when production outpaces your body's defenses, whether from chronic stress, smoking, alcohol, EMF exposure, hormonal shifts like menopause, or simply aging, because the excess reactive molecules can damage proteins, cell membranes, DNA, and the mitochondria themselves.

Is there scientific evidence that ESS60 improves energy or sleep in humans?

Not yet, in the form of large published human clinical trials. What does exist: a small, peer-reviewed rat toxicity study reporting a roughly 90 percent lifespan increase, which was not reproduced in a later mouse study, plus peer-reviewed research showing the molecule concentrates in mitochondria and can bind a limited number of reactive oxygen species there. The company also has two small, informal sleep studies and is beginning additional real-world trials on markers like inflammation and headache frequency, none of which are yet published or peer-reviewed. The bulk of the energy and sleep claims currently circulating come from customer testimonials rather than controlled human research, which is worth knowing before you weigh in on whether to try it.

How do I know if my fatigue is hormonal, mitochondrial, or something else?

There isn't a single test that cleanly separates the two, in part because hormones and mitochondrial function affect each other. A reasonable approach is to rule out the usual suspects first, thyroid, iron, blood sugar, and hormone levels, with your doctor, since those are the most established and treatable causes of fatigue. If those come back within normal range and you're still hitting a wall, that's when it may be worth looking at foundational habits like sleep, movement, and nutrition, and, if you're curious, running a short, tracked experiment with something like ESS60 to see whether it changes your afternoon energy or sleep quality over a few weeks.

Meet Chris Burres:

Chris Burres is a research engineer and the founder and chief scientist of MyVitalC.

Since the early 1990s, his lab has manufactured and supplied ESS60 to research institutions worldwide, years before the molecule became known in the biohacking space.

He also hosts the podcast Live Beyond the Norms and is the author of Live Longer and Better.

 

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Disclaimer:

Belong Wellness and its members, managers, employees, contractors, and other agents or representatives are not licensed medical care providers and do not provide medical services or advice, including without limitation diagnosing, examining, preventing, treating, or curing any medical conditions. The information shared in this podcast is meant to be educational, not prescriptive. Please consult your medical doctor before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle. Further, the opinions of guests on this show do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Jessica or anyone affiliated with Belong Wellness.




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Hi! I’m your host, Jessica.

I am a trauma-informed breathwork facilitator, certified menopause coaching specialist, Pilates instructor, mom of two and long-time health nut here to help you feel informed, connected and badass during this wild stage of life.

 
 
 

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